For an explanation of how to read this resource, please refer to the guide at the bottom.
AI Regulation
There is no regulation specifically governing AI in the country.
Definitions of AI
As the country is yet to establish AI regulations, there is no formal definition of AI.
Core Principles
As the country is yet to establish AI regulations, there is no formal statement of core AI principles.
Public Consultations
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of invitations for public input on AI governance in the country.
Existing Legal Framework
A non-exhaustive list of regulations that might affect AI in the country includes:
- Constitution of Mozambique1
- National Development Strategy 2015–2035 (Estratégia Nacional de Desenvolvimento 2015–2035)2
- Science, Technology and Innovation Policy and Implementation Strategy, released in July 20243
- Information Society Policy (Política para a Sociedade de Informação), dated 20184
- National Strategy for Broadband 2017- 20255
- Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy (Política de Segurança Cibernética e Estratégia da sua Implementação), dated 20216
- Telecommunications Law (Law No. 8/2004 of 21 July 20247
- Electronic Transactions Law (Law No. 3/2017 of 9 January 2017)8
- Consumer Protection Law (Law No. 22/2009 of 28 September 2009),9 and the related Consumer Law Regulations (Decree n.º 27/2016 of 18 July 2016)10
Human Rights
The UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948. Its principles are considered universal and applicable to all UN member states. As a member of the UN, Mozambique has committed to upholding the principles of the UDHR. The Constitution of Mozambique includes provisions that protect fundamental human rights.11 Articles 41, 68 and 71 guarantee the right to privacy (protection of privacy, inviolability of the home, correspondence and other private communications, and protection of personal data, including from computerised handling). Other protections include the rights to equality (Articles 35 and 36), life (Article 40), freedom of expression (Article 48), and work, education, and healthcare (Articles 84, 88, and 89, respectively). Mozambique has ratified several key international human rights instruments, including the ACHPR and ICCPR, but has not signed or ratified the ICESCR. The country has ratified the Malabo Convention.
Regulators
A non-exhaustive list of regulators that might impact AI in the country includes:
- Ministry of Communications and Digital Transformation (Ministério das Comunicações e Transformação Digital) (MCTD)12
- Regulatory Authority for Communications - National Institute of Communications of Mozambique (Autoridade Reguladora das Comunicações - Instituto Nacional das Comunicações de Moçambique) (INCM)13
- National Institute of Information Technologies (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias de Informação) (INTIC)14
- National Institute for Standardisation and Quality (Instituto Nacional de Normalização e Qualidade)15
- National Human Rights Commission (Comissão Nacional dos Direitos Humanos) (CNDH)16
R&D and Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of significant investments or multi-stakeholder initiatives on AI within the country.
Professional/Industry Associations
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of professional or industry associations dedicated to AI in the country.
Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of advisory bodies or expert groups dedicated to AI in the country.
Guide
- AI Regulation: The term "regulation", as used in this resource, encompasses measures ranging from binding laws to national AI policies and strategies, government proposals, advisory guidelines, and industry standards that address AI systems and their implications.
- Existing Legal Framework: This section outlines the relevant legal framework, excluding any AI-specific regulations presented in the initial section.=
- Human Rights: The following terms have the stated meanings: "ACHPR" means the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, "ICCPR" means the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "ICESCR" means the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, "Malabo Convention" means the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, "UDHR" means the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and "UN" means the United Nations. Any reference to an “Article” or “Section” of the Constitution is to the version of the Constitution referenced herein.
- Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups: This section excludes legislative and parliamentary committees.
