For an explanation of how to read this resource, please refer to the guide at the bottom.
AI Regulation
In October 2022, the ‘Republic of Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy: 2023-2033’ (the “AI Strategy”) was launched.1
Definitions of AI
The AI Strategy does not provide a formal definition of AI but, drawing from an external source, states the following:
AI broadly refers to “an array of technologies relying on algorithms at their core to ‘think’ or ‘act’ towards solving a problem. AI includes tasks such as learning, reasoning, planning, perception, language understanding, and robotics.”
Core Principles
While the country has made strides in AI governance, including by launching the AI Strategy, there is no formal statement of AI principles.
Public Consultations
It is reported that development of the AI Strategy involved over 40 local stakeholder consultations.2 Based on publicly available information, it is unclear whether any of these included invitations for public input.
Existing Legal Framework
A non-exhaustive list of regulations that might affect AI in the country includes:
- Constitution of Ghana3
- Long-Term National Development Plan of Ghana (2018-2057)4
- Vision 2057: Long-Term National Development Perspective Framework5
- Ghana Digital Economy Policy and Strategy 20246
- National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy (covering 2023 to 2027)7
- Electronic Communications Act, 2008 (Act 775), as amended by Electronic Communications (Amendment) Act, 2009 (Act 786)8
- Electronic Communications Regulations, 2011 (L.I. 1991)9
- Electronic Transactions Act, 2008 (Act 772)10
- Electronic Transactions Regulations, 201911
- Data Protection Act, 2012 (Act 843)12
- Cybersecurity Act, 2020 (Act 1038)13
Human Rights
The UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948. Its principles are considered universal and applicable to all UN member states. As a member of the UN, Ghana has committed to upholding the principles of the UDHR. The Constitution of Ghana includes provisions that protect fundamental human rights.14 Article 18 guarantees the right to privacy (protection from interference with the privacy of home, property, correspondence or communication). Other protections include the rights to life (Article 13), dignity (Article 15), equality and non-discrimination (Article 17), freedom of expression (Article 21), work (Article 24), and education (Article 25). Ghana has ratified several key international human rights instruments, including the ACHPR, ICCPR, and ICESCR. Additionally, the country has ratified the Malabo Convention.
Regulators
A non-exhaustive list of regulators that might impact AI in the country includes:
- Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations (MOC)15
- National Communications Authority (NCA)16
- Data Protection Commission (DPC)17
- Cyber Security Authority (CSA)18
- National Information Technology Agency (NITA)19
- Ghana Standards Authority (GSA)20
- Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ)21
R&D and Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
The Responsible AI Lab (RAIL), located within the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), is a beneficiary of Artificial Intelligence for Development (AI4D).22 AI4D is a partnership funded by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), and the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Original funding for the RAIL project of CA$1 million was announced in 2022.23 As of February 2025, additional commitments of €1.03 million from the French Embassy in Ghana and the French Development Agency (AFD) have been secured.24
Professional/Industry Associations
A non-exhaustive list of professional or industry associations with a focus on AI in the country includes:
- AI Ghana25
- Artificial Intelligence Association of Ghana (AIA Ghana)26
Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of advisory bodies or expert groups dedicated to AI in the country.
Guide
- AI Regulation: The term "regulation", as used in this resource, encompasses measures ranging from binding laws to national AI policies and strategies, government proposals, advisory guidelines, and industry standards that address AI systems and their implications.
- Existing Legal Framework: This section outlines the relevant legal framework, excluding any AI-specific regulations presented in the initial section.
- Human Rights: The following terms have the stated meanings: "ACHPR" means the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, "ICCPR" means the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "ICESCR" means the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, "Malabo Convention" means the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, "UDHR" means the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and "UN" means the United Nations. Any reference to an “Article” or “Section” of the Constitution is to the version of the Constitution referenced herein.
- Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups: This section excludes legislative and parliamentary committees.
