For an explanation of how to read this resource, please refer to the guide at the bottom.
AI Regulation
Egypt, the first African country to adopt the OECD AI Principles, released the ‘Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy’ in 2021.1 Building on this foundation, the country launched the ‘Egyptian Charter for Responsible AI’ in 2023 (the "Responsible AI Charter"), establishing domestic guidelines for ethical and responsible AI development, deployment, management, and use.2 In January 2025, Egypt released a second edition of its AI strategy covering the period 2025-2030 (the "AI Strategy").3
Definitions of AI
While the country has made strides in AI governance, including by launching the AI Strategy and the Responsible AI Charter, it has yet to establish a formal definition of AI.
Core Principles
The Responsible AI Charter outlines five main principles that underpin its 13 General Guidelines and 16 Implementation Guidelines. These are: (i) Human-Centeredness; (ii) Transparency and Explainability; (iii) Fairness, (iv) Accountability; and (v) Security and Safety.
Public Consultations
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of invitations for public input on AI governance in the country.
Existing Legal Framework
A non-exhaustive list of regulations that might impact AI in the country include:
- Constitution of Egypt4
- Egypt Vision 20305
- ICT 2030 Strategy6
- ICT Policy Review: National E-Commerce Strategy for Egypt, dated 20177
- Cloud First Policy Egypt 20248
- National Cybersecurity Strategy (2023-2027)9
- Data Centers Regulatory Framework (2021)10
- Internet of Things (IoT) Framework, dated January 202211
- Telecommunication Regulation Law (Law No. 10 of 2003)12
- Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 151 of 2020)13
- Anti-Cyber and Information Technology Crimes Law (Law No. 175 of 2018)14
- Fintech Law (Law No. 5 of 2022)15
- Consumer Protection Act (Law No. 181/2018)16
Human Rights
The UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948. Its principles are considered universal and applicable to all UN member states. As a member of the UN, Egypt has committed to upholding the principles of the UDHR. The Constitution of Egypt includes provisions that protect fundamental human rights.17 Article 57 guarantees the right to privacy (inviolability of private life, and inviolability and confidentiality of communications). Other protections include the rights to work (Article 12), healthcare (Article 18), education (Article 19), dignity (Article 51), equality and non-discrimination (Article 53), life (Article 59), and freedom of expression (Article 65). Egypt has ratified several key international human rights instruments, including the ACHPR, ICCPR, and ICESCR. However, the country has not signed or ratified the Malabo Convention.
Regulators
A non-exhaustive list of regulators that might impact AI in the country includes:
- Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT)18
- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHESR)19
- Information Technology Industry Development Agency (ITIDA)20
- National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA)21
- National Telecommunication Institute (NTI)22
- Egyptian Organization for Standards and Quality (EOS)23
- Consumer Protection Agency (CPA)24
- National Council for Human Rights (NCHR)25
- Supreme Standing Committee for Human Rights (SSCHR)26
R&D and Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
In March 2024, NTI inaugurated the Egyptian Talents Academy in collaboration with Huawei, with AI training as one of the focus areas.27 The academy aims to train 15,000 Egyptians in AI and other fields within 5 years.28
In December 2024, the Minister of MOHESR revealed a plan to invest EGP 10 billion to enhance the digital infrastructure of public universities.29 This investment includes a project to initiate a generative AI pilot at Ain Shams University in partnership with Microsoft.30
In January 2025, ITIDA and Konecta signed an agreement to establish Konecta's regional headquarters in Cairo and create a centre of excellence for generative AI.31 The agreement involves an investment of $100 million over three years and aims to create 3,000 specialised jobs in areas including AI, digital transformation, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT), among others.32
Professional/Industry Associations
Based on publicly available information, we have not found evidence of professional or industry associations dedicated to AI in the country.
Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups
The National Council for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI) was established in 2019.33 Its mandate encompasses oversight of Egypt’s AI strategy, development of policies across technical, legal, and economic spheres of AI applications, identification of initiatives to advance Egypt's AI ecosystem, and management of international cooperation on AI.
Guide
- AI Regulation: The term "regulation", as used in this resource, encompasses measures ranging from binding laws to national AI policies and strategies, government proposals, advisory guidelines, and industry standards that address AI systems and their implications.
- Existing Legal Framework: This section outlines the relevant legal framework, excluding any AI-specific regulations presented in the initial section.
- Human Rights: The following terms have the stated meanings: "ACHPR" means the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, "ICCPR" means the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "ICESCR" means the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, "Malabo Convention" means the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, "UDHR" means the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and "UN" means the United Nations. Any reference to an “Article” or “Section” of the Constitution is to the version of the Constitution referenced herein.
- Advisory Bodies and Expert Groups: This section excludes legislative and parliamentary committees.
